In an international dispensation, several business-related changes have taken place since the start of the 21st century, which include inter alia moving towards globalisation and technological enhancements. To facilitate the adaption to business-related changes, over the years, best practices have been researched and developed. Such practices are usually researched and developed within developed economies (e.g. the United States of America and the European Union) as “one-size-fits-all” solutions to problems which stem from the non-adaption to business-related changes – yet such solutions are seldom successful in their approach.

When emphasis is placed on Africa, it is apparent that the continent has undergone significant business-related changes in the past two decades. Furthermore, the utilisation of researched and developed best practices, as recommended by developed economies, have had little and/or no effect on the solving of problems stemming from the non-adaption to

business-related changes. As such, “Pragmatic business solutions: By Africa, for Africa” will be the theme for ICBMD-2019.

Therefore, the ICBMD-2019 invited scholarly work in the form of empirical research papers, conceptual research papers, rigorous case studies, and technical reports which address contemporary and developing issues in all aspects of disciplines related to Business Management which includes inter alia that of:

• Financial Accounting
• Cost Management, Economics
• Marketing Management
• Tourism and Hospitality
• Retail and Warehouse
• Human Resources
• Knowledge Management and Information Technology
• Business Administration.

As such, the 2019 ICBMD aims to provide a platform for discussion, interaction, collaboration, networking and sharing, all for the sake of adding value to the existing body of knowledge